Virtual Reality (VR) is a term used for computer-generated 3D environments that allow the user to enter and interact with alternate realities. The users are able to "immerse" themselves to varying degrees in the computers artificial world which may either be a simulation of some form of reality or the simulation of complex data.  

In simulating a reality, the focus is on reproducing its aspects as accurately as possible to create the illusion of an alternate reality. This can involve not only 3D images but the incorporation of 3D sound, artificial smell generation and force-feedback (technology that provides the sensation of touch). These realities may either be representations of real world objects or the imagination of the designer. Examples of this type of simulation would include architectural walkthroughs and VR games.

The simulation of complex data is a area in which VR is particularly useful. The ability to make sophisticated 3D spatial representations of complex data sets frequently enables the user to understand the data sets better. Examples of this type of simulation would include the use of VR to represent complex financial or medical data.

The degree with which the user is "immersed" in the virtual environment can vary. At one end of the spectrum is full immersion where the user wears a head mounted display (HMD) that provides 3D visual and auditory information, and some form of hand held input device such as data glove or a Flexor. Other techniques that provide progressively lesser levels of immersion are projecting the computers output into the environment, using large monitors and "head-up" displays.
 

Typical Immersive VR System

The components of a typical Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) system are:-

• PC

• Head mounted display (HMD) for sound, visuals, tracking etc.

• Interaction device e.g. joystick, data glove, Flexor etc.

• Software

• Leisure

• Training

• Education

• Computer network visualization

• Medical-surgical, physical and mental therapy

• Control of complex information systems

• Robotics and telepresence

• Architectural and environmental walkthroughs

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